Portugal
Portugal's presence spans back to ancient times, making it one of the world's most ancient countries. Its borders were established in 1139 CE, solidifying its status as Europe's oldest nation.
Ethiopia
Many historical evidences affirm Ethiopia's status as one of the oldest nations globally. The presence of humans in Ethiopia dates back millions of years, as evidenced by skeletal fragments discovered within its borders. Ethiopia also stands out as one of the rare African nations that was never colonised.
India
The subcontinent of India has been around for more than 5000–6000 years. The beginning was the establishment of the Vedic Civilization in 1500 BCE. Over the next few centuries, different dynasties ruled over India.
San Marino
San Marino is widely acknowledged as one of the world's smallest countries, yet it also happens to be one of the oldest. Nestled within the confines of Italy, Marino was founded in 301 CE and is home to what is said to be the oldest constitution in the world, having been written in 1600 CE.
Greece
Greek mythology, renowned for its tales of earthly gods, is widely recognised. It is attributed to the Greeks for introducing revolutionary concepts and shaping modern Western civilisation. Notably, Athens pioneered the world's earliest form of democracy.
Japan
Understanding Japan's historical chronology requires taking into account the narrative surrounding its first king, who is thought to have been descended from the sun goddess Amaterasu in 660 BCE. Even though this is a mythology, it suggests that Japan may be older than people think.
Armenia
With its founding in 782 BCE, Armenia is a strong contender to be one of the oldest nations on Earth. There is evidence of human presence in Armenia as early as 90,000 BCE, including cave paintings and stone inscriptions.
Egypt
Egyptian culture is among the oldest civilizations known to exist, having originated in the sixth millennium BCE. Remarkably, Egyptian writing is the second oldest writing system in the world, predating several other writing systems!
France
France ranks among the world's ancient nations, with its history tracing back to the fragmentation of Charlemagne's Holy Roman Empire. In ancient times, France was divided into three regions.
Iran
Iran's ancient past spans countless millennia and is rich in history. Its beginnings are dated by historians to the Achaemenid Empire in 550 BCE. In the 1930s, Iran formally changed its name from Persia to its current one.